Urbanization and Slums by Ogawa V. Ayano National Academies of Sciences Engineering & Medicine (U.S.)

Author:Ogawa, V. Ayano,National Academies of Sciences, Engineering & Medicine (U.S.).
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Health and Medicine: Infectious Disease, Health and Medicine: Global Health
Publisher: National Academies Press
Published: 2018-06-08T16:00:00+00:00

GLOBAL EFFORTS TO LEVERAGE THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS TO PROMOTE HEALTH

Steve Lindsay, professor in biosciences at Durham University, England, explored global efforts to leverage the SDGs to improve health, with a focus on health in urban built environments. He opened by describing three major infectious disease threats to urban environments: respiratory viruses, such as pandemic influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome; Aedes-borne diseases, such as dengue, Zika virus disease, chikungunya, and yellow fever; and locally important diseases, such as plague and malaria in India. According to Lindsay, infectious diseases are a serious and mounting threat to the health of people living in towns and cities around the world, and he suggested that this threat remains underappreciated on an international level. He said that the Aedes aegypti mosquito is an urban vector of chief concern. He noted that dengue fever, for example, is a predominantly urban disease that is increasing worldwide, with an estimated increase in age-standardized dengue cases of nearly 450 percent between 1990 and 2013 (Vos et al., 2015). Lindsay predicted that the number of dengue cases will continue to increase, given the predicted increase in the distribution of Aedes aegypti in large human populations around the world. He warned: “We are so ignorant about the true distribution of this mosquito, this fantastic vector of arboviruses.” Lindsay also expressed serious concern about the ability to control a disease such as yellow fever if it moves into one of the megacities in South America.

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